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adding object

  • 1 them

    them [ðem, ðəm]
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When translating them it is necessary to know whether the French verb takes a direct or an indirect object. Verbs followed by à or de take an indirect object.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       a. (direct object: people and things) les
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► les precedes the verb, except in positive commands.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • look at them! regarde-les !
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When the French verb consists of avoir + past participle, les precedes the form of avoir. The participle always agrees, adding s for mpl, and es for fpl.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • have you seen my keys? I've lost them avez-vous vu mes clés ? je les ai perdues
       b. (indirect object: people) leur
    • what are you going to say to them? qu'est-ce que tu vas leur dire ?
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► leur precedes the verb, except in positive commands.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When leur translates them in past tenses, (e)s is not added to the past participle.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       c. (indirect object: things)
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When them refers to things, en is used when the pronoun replaces de + noun.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • can you give me my notes back? I need them est-ce que tu peux me rendre mes notes ? j'en ai besoin
    • make sure you admire his pictures, he's very proud of them n'oublie pas d'admirer ses tableaux, il en est très fier
       d. (emphatic) eux m, elles f
    • I knew it was them! je savais que c'était eux !
    • I know her but I don't know them je la connais, mais eux (or elles), je ne les connais pas
       e. ► preposition + them
    • my parents? I was just thinking about them mes parents ? je pensais justement à eux
    • the passports? I've not thought about them les passeports ? je n'y ai pas pensé
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When them refers to one person, le is used for a direct and lui for an indirect object.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • if anyone arrives early ask them to wait si quelqu'un arrive tôt, fais-le attendre
    • somebody rang -- did you ask them their name? quelqu'un a téléphoné -- est-ce que tu lui as demandé son nom ?
    * * *
    [ðem, ðəm]

    both of them — tous/toutes les deux

    both of them work in London — ils/elles travaillent à Londres tous/toutes les deux

    some of them — quelques-uns d'entre eux or quelques-unes d'entre elles

    take them all — prenez-les tous/toutes

    none of them wants it — aucun/-e d'entre eux/elles ne le veut

    every single one of them — chacun/-e d'entre eux/elles

    English-French dictionary > them

  • 2 which

    which [wɪtʃ]
    quel ⇒ 1 (a) lequel ⇒ 2 (a) celui qui ⇒ 2 (b) celui que ⇒ 2 (b) qui ⇒ 3 (a) que ⇒ 3 (a) ce qui ⇒ 3 (b) ce que ⇒ 3 (b)
    (a) (in questions → singular) quel (quelle); (→ plural) quels (quelles);
    ∎ which book did you buy? quel livre as-tu acheté?;
    ∎ which candidate are you voting for? pour quel candidat allez-vous voter?;
    ∎ which one? lequel?/laquelle?;
    ∎ which ones? lesquels?/lesquelles?;
    ∎ which one of you spoke? lequel de vous a parlé?;
    ∎ which one of the twins got married? lequel des jumeaux s'est marié?;
    ∎ I saw several films - which ones? j'ai vu plusieurs films - lesquels?;
    ∎ I wonder which route would be best je me demande quel serait le meilleur chemin;
    ∎ which way should we go? par où devrions-nous aller?;
    ∎ keep track of which employees come in late notez le nom des employés qui arrivent en retard
    ∎ he may miss his plane, in which case he'll have to wait il est possible qu'il rate son avion, auquel cas il devra attendre;
    ∎ she arrives at 5 p.m. at which time I'll still be at the office elle arrive à 17 heures, heure à laquelle je serai encore au bureau;
    ∎ they lived in Madrid for one year, during which time their daughter was born ils ont habité Madrid pendant un an, et c'est à cette époque que leur fille est née
    (a) (in questions → singular) lequel (laquelle) m,f; (→ plural) lesquels (lesquelles) mpl, fpl;
    ∎ which of the houses do you live in? dans quelle maison habitez-vous?;
    ∎ which of these books is yours? lequel de ces livres est le tien?;
    ∎ which is the freshest? quel est le plus frais?;
    ∎ which is the more interesting of the two films? lequel de ces deux films est-il le plus intéressant?;
    ∎ which of you saw the accident? qui de vous a vu l'accident?;
    ∎ which of you three is the oldest? lequel de vous trois est le plus âgé?, qui est le plus âgé de vous trois?;
    ∎ she's from Chicago or Boston, I don't remember which elle vient de Chicago ou de Boston, je ne sais plus laquelle des deux;
    ∎ we can play bridge or poker, I don't care which on peut jouer au bridge ou au poker, peu m'importe;
    ∎ I can't tell which is which je n'arrive pas à les distinguer (l'un de l'autre);
    ∎ which is which? lequel est-ce?
    (b) (the one or ones that → as subject) (singular) celui qui (celle qui) m,f; (plural) ceux qui (celles qui) mpl, fpl; (→ as object) (singular) celui que (celle que) m,f; (plural) ceux que (celles que) mpl, fpl;
    ∎ show me which you prefer montrez-moi celui que vous préférez;
    ∎ tell her which is yours dites-lui lequel est le vôtre
    (a) (adding further information → as subject) qui; (→ as object) que;
    ∎ the house, which is very old, needs urgent repairs la maison, qui est très vieille, a besoin d'être réparée sans plus attendre;
    ∎ the vases, each of which held white roses, were made of crystal les vases, qui contenaient chacun des roses blanches, étaient en cristal;
    ∎ the hand with which I write la main avec laquelle j'écris;
    ∎ the office in which she works le bureau dans lequel ou où elle travaille;
    ∎ the hotels at which they stayed les hôtels où ils sont allés ou descendus;
    ∎ the house of which I am speaking la maison dont je parle;
    ∎ the countries to which we are going or which we're going to les pays où nous allons
    (b) (commenting on previous statement → as subject) ce qui; (→ as object) ce que;
    ∎ it took her an hour, which isn't bad really elle a mis une heure, ce qui n'est pas mal en fait;
    ∎ he looked like a military man, which in fact he was il avait l'air d'un militaire, et en fait c'en était un;
    ∎ he says it was an accident, which I don't believe for an instant il dit que c'était un accident, ce que je ne crois absolument pas ou mais je ne le crois pas un seul instant;
    ∎ he's getting married, which surprises me il va se marier, ce qui m'étonne;
    ∎ I don't like it when rents go up, which they often do je n'aime pas que les loyers augmentent, ce qui arrive souvent;
    ∎ then they arrived, after which things got better puis ils sont arrivés, après quoi tout est allé mieux;
    ∎ she lied about the letter, from which I guessed she was up to something elle a menti au sujet de la lettre, d'où j'ai deviné qu'elle combinait quelque chose;
    ∎ he insists that actors should have talent, in which he is right il exige que les acteurs aient du talent, (ce) en quoi il a raison;
    ∎ he started shouting, upon which I left the room il s'est mis à crier, sur quoi ou et sur ce j'ai quitté la pièce
    4 Which? noun
    Press = magazine de l'Union des consommateurs britanniques connu pour ses essais comparatifs

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > which

  • 3 Numbers

    0 zéro*
    1 un†
    2 deux
    3 trois
    4 quatre
    5 cinq
    6 six
    7 sept
    8 huit
    9 neuf
    10 dix
    11 onze
    12 douze
    13 treize
    14 quatorze
    15 quinze
    16 seize
    17 dix-sept
    18 dix-huit
    19 dix-neuf
    20 vingt
    21 vingt et un
    22 vingt-deux
    30 trente
    31 trente et un
    32 trente-deux
    40 quarante
    50 cinquante
    60 soixante
    70 soixante-dix
    septante (in Belgium, Canada, Switzerland etc.)
    71 soixante et onze
    septante et un ( etc)
    72 soixante-douze
    73 soixante-treize
    74 soixante-quatorze
    75 soixante-quinze
    76 soixante-seize
    77 soixante-dix-sept
    78 soixante-dix-nuit
    79 soixante-dix-neuf
    80 quatre-vingts‡
    81 quatre-vingt-un§
    82 quatre-vingt-deux
    90 quatre-vingt-dix ; nonante (in Belgium, Canada, Switzerland, etc)
    91 quatre-vingt-onze ; nonante et un
    92 quatre-vingt-douze ; nonante-deux ( etc.)
    99 quatre-vingt-dix-neuf
    100 cent
    101 cent un†
    102 cent deux
    110 cent dix
    111 cent onze
    112 cent douze
    187 cent quatre-vingt-sept
    200 deux cents
    250 deux cent|| cinquante
    300 trois cents
    1000 || mille
    1001 mille un†
    1002 mille deux
    1020 mille vingt
    1200 mille** deux cents
    2000 deux mille††
    10000 dix mille
    10200 dix mille deux cents
    100000 cent mille
    102000 cent deux mille
    1000000 un million‡‡
    1264932 un million deux cent soixante-quatre mille neuf cent trente-deux
    1000000000 un milliard‡‡
    1000000000000 un billion‡‡
    * In English 0 may be called nought, zero or even nothing ; French is always zéro ; a nought = un zéro.
    † Note that one is une in French when it agrees with a feminine noun, so un crayon but une table, une des tables, vingt et une tables, combien de tables? - il y en a une seule etc.
    ‡ Also huitante in Switzerland. Note that when 80 is used as a page number it has no s, e.g. page eighty = page quatre-vingt.
    § Note that vingt has no s when it is in the middle of a number. The only exception to this rule is when quatre-vingts is followed by millions, milliards or billions, e.g. quatre-vingts millions, quatre-vingts billions etc.
    Note that cent does not take an s when it is in the middle of a number. The only exception to this rule is when it is followed by millions, milliards or billions, e.g. trois cents millions, six cents billions etc. It has a normal plural when it modifies other nouns, e.g. 200 inhabitants = deux cents habitants.
    || Note that figures in French are set out differently ; where English would have a comma, French has simply a space. It is also possible in French to use a full stop (period) here, e.g. 1.000. French, like English, writes dates without any separation between thousands and hundreds, e.g. in 1995 = en 1995.
    ** When such a figure refers to a date, the spelling mil is preferred to mille, i.e. en 1200 = en mil deux cents. Note however the exceptions: when the year is a round number of thousands, the spelling is always mille, so en l’an mille, en l’an deux mille etc.
    †† Mille is invariable ; it never takes an s.
    ‡‡ Note that the French words million, milliard and billion are nouns, and when written out in full they take de before another noun, e.g. a million inhabitants is un million d’habitants, a billion francs is un billion de francs. However, when written in figures, 1,000,000 inhabitants is 1000000 habitants, but is still spoken as un million d’habitants. When million etc. is part of a complex number, de is not used before the nouns, e.g. 6,000,210 people = six millions deux cent dix personnes.
    Use of en
    Note the use of en in the following examples:
    there are six
    = il y en a six
    I’ve got a hundred
    = j’en ai cent
    En must be used when the thing you are talking about is not expressed (the French says literally there of them are six, I of them have a hundred etc.). However, en is not needed when the object is specified:
    there are six apples
    = il y a six pommes
    Approximate numbers
    When you want to say about…, remember the French ending -aine:
    about ten
    = une dizaine
    about ten books
    = une dizaine de livres
    about fifteen
    = une quinzaine
    about fifteen people
    = une quinzaine de personnes
    about twenty
    = une vingtaine
    about twenty hours
    = une vingtaine d’heures
    Similarly une trentaine, une quarantaine, une cinquantaine, une soixantaine and une centaine ( and une douzaine means a dozen). For other numbers, use environ (about):
    about thirty-five
    = environ trente-cinq
    about thirty-five francs
    = environ trente-cinq francs
    about four thousand
    = environ quatre mille
    about four thousand pages
    = environ quatre mille pages
    Environ can be used with any number: environ dix, environ quinze etc. are as good as une dizaine, une quinzaine etc.
    Note the use of centaines and milliers to express approximate quantities:
    hundreds of books
    = des centaines de livres
    I’ve got hundreds
    = j’en ai des centaines
    hundreds and hundreds of fish
    = des centaines et des centaines de poissons
    I’ve got thousands
    = j’en ai des milliers
    thousands of books
    = des milliers de livres
    thousands and thousands
    = des milliers et des milliers
    millions and millions
    = des millions et des millions
    Phrases
    numbers up to ten
    = les nombres jusqu’à dix
    to count up to ten
    = compter jusqu’à dix
    almost ten
    = presque dix
    less than ten
    = moins de dix
    more than ten
    = plus de dix
    all ten of them
    = tous les dix
    all ten boys
    = les dix garçons
    Note the French word order:
    my last ten pounds
    = mes dix dernières livres
    the next twelve weeks
    = les douze prochaines semaines
    the other two
    = les deux autres
    the last four
    = les quatre derniers
    Calculations in French
    Note that French uses a comma where English has a decimal point.
    0,25 zéro virgule vingt-cinq
    0,05 zéro virgule zéro cinq
    0,75 zéro virgule soixante-quinze
    3,45 trois virgule quarante-cinq
    8,195 huit virgule cent quatre-vingt-quinze
    9,1567 neuf virgule quinze cent soixante-sept
    or neuf virgule mille cinq cent soixante-sept
    9,3456 neuf virgule trois mille quatre cent cinquante-six
    Percentages in French
    25% vingt-cinq pour cent
    50% cinquante pour cent
    100% cent pour cent
    200% deux cents pour cent
    365% troix cent soixante-cinq pour cent
    4,25% quatre virgule vingt-cinq pour cent
    Fractions in French
    Ordinal numbers in French§
    1st 1er‡ premier ( feminine première)
    2nd 2e second or deuxième
    3rd 3e troisième
    4th 4e quatrième
    5th 5e cinquième
    6th 6e sixième
    7th 7e septième
    8th 8e huitième
    9th 9e neuvième
    10th 10e dixième
    11th 11e onzième
    12th 12e douzième
    13th 13e treizième
    14th 14e quatorzième
    15th 15e quinzième
    16th 16e seizième
    17th 17e dix-septième
    18th 18e dix-huitième
    19th 19e dix-neuvième
    20th 20e vingtième
    21st 21e vingt et unième
    22nd 22e vingt-deuxième
    23rd 23e vingt-troisième
    24th 24e vingt-quatrième
    25th 25e vingt-cinquième
    30th 30e trentième
    31st 31e trente et unième
    40th 40e quarantième
    50th 50e cinquantième
    60th 60e soixantième
    70th 70e soixante-dixième or septantième (in Belgium, Canada, Switzerland etc.)
    71st 71e soixante et onzième or septante et unième (etc.)
    72nd 72e soixante-douzième
    73rd 73e soixante-treizième
    74th 74e soixante-quatorzième
    75th 75e soixante-quinzième
    76th 76e soixante-seizième
    77th 77e soixante-dix-septième
    78th 78e soixante-dix-huitième
    79th 79e soixante-dix-neuvième
    80th 80e quatre-vingtième¶
    81st 81e quatre-vingt-unième
    90th 90e quatre-vingt-dixième or nonantième (in Belgium, Canada, Switzerland etc.)
    91st 91e quatre-vingt-onzième, or nonante et unième (etc.)
    99th 99e quatre-vingt-dix-neuvième
    100th 100e centième
    101st 101e cent et unième
    102nd 102e cent-deuxième
    196th 196e cent quatre-vingt-seizième
    200th 200e deux centième
    300th 300e trois centième
    400th 400e quatre centième
    1,000th 1000e millième
    2,000th 2000e deux millième
    1,000,000th 1000000e millionième
    Like English, French makes nouns by adding the definite article:
    the first
    = le premier (or la première, or les premiers mpl or les premières fpl)
    the second
    = le second (or la seconde etc.)
    the first three
    = les trois premiers or les trois premières
    Note the French word order in:
    the third richest country in the world
    = le troisième pays le plus riche du monde
    * Note that half, when not a fraction, is translated by the noun moitié or the adjective demi ; see the dictionary entry.
    † Note the use of les and d’entre when these fractions are used about a group of people or things: two-thirds of them = les deux tiers d’entre eux.
    ‡ This is the masculine form ; the feminine is 1re and the plural 1ers (m) or 1res (f).
    § All the ordinal numbers in French behave like ordinary adjectives and take normal plural endings where appropriate.
    Also huitantième in Switzerland.

    Big English-French dictionary > Numbers

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